THE AQEEDAH OF THE AHLE SUNNAT WAL JAMAA`AT REGARDING THE COMING OF IMAAM MAHDI (alayhis salaam)
The information below has been extracted from the book:
The Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) are authentic. The names of those Muhadditheen who have stated that the Ahaadith regarding Hadhrat Mahdi (alaihis salaam) are Mutawaatir are listed hereunder:
1. Haafiz-e-Hadith Hadhrat Abul Husain Muhammad Ibn Husain Al-Abri As-Sanjari (rahmatullahi alaih), the author of “Manaasib Shaafi” – passed away 363 A.H.
2. Hadhrat Allamah Muhammad As-Safaarini (alaihis salaam) –
passed away 1188 A.H.
3. Hadhrat Allamah Muhammad Al-Barzanji (rahmatullahi
alayh) – passed away 1103 A.H.
4. Hadhrat Allamah Qaadhi Muhammad Ibn Ali Ash-Shaukaani
(rahmatullahi alayh) – passed away 1250 A.H.
5. Hadhrat Allamah Siddiq Hassan Al-Qanuji (rahmatullahi
alayh) – [assed away 1307 A.H.
6. Allamah Muhammad Bin Ja`far Al-Kitaabi – passed away 1347
A.H.
Besides these there are numerous other Muhadditheen and Ulama who
have cited Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam).
The Aimmah who have extracted Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam)
There are numeorus Aimmah-e-Hadith who have quoted Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) in their respective compilations of Ahaadith.
Amongst them are:
1. Imaam Abu Dawood (rahmatullahi alayh) has quoted Ahaadith
regarding Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) in his Sunan.
2. Imaam Tirmidhi (rahmatullahi alayh) has listed Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) in his Jaam`i
3. Imaam Ibn Maaja (rahmatullahi alayh) in his Sunan
4. Imaam Nasai (rahmatullahi alayh)
5. Imaam Ahmad Bin Hambal (rahmatullahi alayh) in his Masnad
6. Imaam Ibn Hibbaan (rahmatullahi alayh) in his Saheeh
7. Imaam Haakim (rahmatullahi alayh) in his Saheeh
8. Imaam Abu Bakr Ibn Shaibah (rahmatullahi alayh) in his
Musannif
9. Imaam Ibn Nuaim Ibn Hammaad (rahmatullahi alayh) in his
Kitaabul Fitan
10. Haafiz Abu Nuaim (rahmatullahi alayh) in his Kitaabul Mahdi
11. Imaam Tibrani (rahmatullahi alayh) in Mu`jamul Kabeer,
Mu`jamul Owsat, and Mu`jamus Sagheer
12. Imaam Daar-e-Qutni (rahmatullahi alayh)
13. Allamah Al-Maarudi (rahmatullahi alayh) in his Kitaab
Ma`rifatus Sahaabah
14. Imaam Abu Ya`lah Al-Musali (rahmatullahi alayh)
15. Imaam Al-Bazaaz (rahmatullahi alayh)
16. Imaam Al-Haarith Ibn Abi Usaamah (rahmatullahi alayh)
17. Hadhrat Allamah Khateebul Baghdaadi (rahmatullahi alayh) in
his Kitaabs, Talkheesul Mutashaabeh and Al Muttafiq Wal Mutafarriq
18. Hadhrat Allamah Ibn Asaakir (rahmatullahi alayh) in his
Taareekh
19. Hadhrat Allamah Ibn Mandah (rahmatullahi alayh)
20. Hadhrat Allamah Abul Hasan Al-Harbi (rahmatullahi alayh)
21. Hadhrat Allamah Tamaam Raazi (rahmatullahi alayh)
22. Hadhrat Allamah Ibn Jareer (rahmatullahi alayh)
23. Hadhrat Imaam Abu Bakr Ibn Maghrabi (rahmatullahi alayh)
24. Hadhrat Allama Abu Umar Ad Duwali (rahmatullahi alayh)
25. Allamah Imaam Ad Dailami (rahmatullahi alayh)
26. Allamah Abu Nuaim Al-Kaufi (rahmatullahi alayh)
27. Allamah Imaam Abul Hasan Bin Al-Manaawi (rahmatullahi
alayh)
28. Imaam Baihaqi (rahmatullahi alayh)
29. Imaam Ibn jauzi (rahmatullahi alayh)
30. Imaam Yahya Bin Abdil Humaid Al-Hamaani (rahmatullahi
alayh)
31. Allamah Daryaani (rahmatullahi alayh)
32. Allamah Ibn sa`ad (rahmatullahi alayh) in his Tabaqaat
33. Allamah Ibn Khuzaima (rahmatullahi alayh)
34. Allamah Imaam Al-Hasan Bin Sufyaan (rahmatullahi alayh)
35. Allamah Imaam Umar Ibn Shaibah (rahmatullahi alayh)
36. Imaam Abu U`waanah (rahmatullahi alayh)
The Kitaabs of the Muhadditheen regarding Imaam Mahdi
(alayhis salaam):
There are numerous Ahaadith of Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) regarding the Imaam of the final era, Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam), which have been narrated, either in passing or specifically, by various Muhadditheen.
Hereunder we shall mention the names of a few Muhadditheen who have written Kitaabs dealing specifically with Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam), or who have mentioned regarding him in their works:
1. Imaam Abu Bakr Ibn Khaithamah Zaheer Bin Harb (rahmatullahi alayh), has, according to Allamah Ibn Khaldoon
(rahmatullahi alayh), compiled Ahaadith dealing specifically with Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam), in his work, Al-Ahaadithul Waaridah Fil Mahdi.
2. Al-Imaamul Haafiz Abu Nuaim (rahmatullahi alayh) – his name was cited by Hadhrat Imaam Suyuti (rahmatullahi alayh) in his Kitaab, Al-Jaam`I-us-Sagheer and Al-Urful Wardi. Imaam Suyuti (rahmatullahi alayh) has added on to this, more Ahaadith and narrations.
3. Allamah Suyuti (rahmatullahi alayh) has listed more than 200
Ahaadith and narrations regarding Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam).
4. Allamah Mar`i Ibn Yusuf Al Hambali (rahmatullahi alayh) [passed way 1303 A.H.) has compiled a very wide spectrum of Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) in his Kitaab, Fawaaidul Fikr Fi Zuhooril Mahdiyil Muntadhir.
5. Hadhrat Allamah Muhammad Al-Barzanji (rahmatullahi alayh) [Passed away 1103 A.H.] has also compiled many Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) in his Kitaab, AlIshaa’atul Ashraatis Saa’ah. He has also stated the Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) to be Mutawaatir.
6. Allamah Qaadhi Muhammad Ibn Ali Ash-Shaukaani (rahmatullahi alayh) has written an entire Kitaab regarding
Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam), titled, At-Taudeehu Fi Tawaatur Ma Jaa`a Fil Mahdiyil Muntadhir Wad Dajaal Wal
Maseeh. He has also stated the Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) to be Mutaawatir.
7. Haafiz Amaadudeen Ibn Katheer (rahmatullahi alayh) in his Kitaab, Al Fitan Wal Malaahim, has dedicated an entire chapter wherein he has made an excellent discussion regarding Imaam Mahdi (alayhis salaam).
8. Allamah Ibn Hajar Al Makki (rahmatullahi alayh) has written a detailed treatise in his Kitaab, Al-Qowlul Mukhtasar Fi Alamaatil Mahdiyil Muntadhir
9. Hadhrat Allamah Ali Al Muttaqi Al Hindi (rahmatullahi alayh), the author of Kanzul Ummaal, has written a special treatise dealing with Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam), which has been referred to by Allamah Barzanji (rahmatullahi alayh) in AlIshaa`at and by Hadhrat Mullah Ali Qaari (rahmatullahi alayh) in Mirqaat.
10. Hadhrat Allamah Mullah Ali Qaari (rahmatullahi alayh) has dilated in detail regarding Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) in his Kitaab, Al-Mashribul Wardi Fi Math-habil Mahdi.
11. Allamah Ameer Muhammad Ibn Ismail As-San`aani (rahmatullahi alayh) – [passed way 1182 A.H.], the author of Subulul Islam, has also shed much light on the coming of Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) and details thereof.
Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) in the Saheehain. There is no explicit and clear narration in the Saheehain regarding Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam), however, the subject of some of their Ahaadith can be found, verbatim, in other Ahaadith Kitaabs, wherein these narrations (which appear in the Saheehain) are better understood and ‘interpreted’.
Hereunder are some Ahaadith which appear in the
Saheehain,
“It is reported from Abu Hurairah (radhiyallahu anhu) who said,
‘Rasulullah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, ‘What will be your condition when the son of Maryam descends and your Imaam will be amongst you?” [Narrated in Bukhari in the chapter, Nuzoolu Isaa Bin
Maryam)
Imaam Muslim (rahmatullahi alayh) has narrated in his Saheeh, from Hadhrat Jaabir (radhiyallahu anhu), that he heard Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) saying,
“A group from my Ummat will always be engaged in fighting upon the Haqq (and) they will be victorious until
(just before the advent of) The Day of Qiyaamah… Isaa Ibn Maryam (alayhis salaam) will descend and their Ameer will say to him, ‘Come and lead our Salaat’. He will reply, ‘No! some of you are leaders unto
others. Allah Ta`ala has honoured this Ummat.’”
Two points are worth noting here:
(1) At the time of Hadhrat Isaa’s (alayhis salaam) descension, the Muslim Ummat will have a pious and just leader.
(2) The fact that Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam) will ask this Imaam to lead the Salaat is ample proof that he will be a pious and virtuous Imaam. Now the question arises as to whether this Imaam is in fact Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam)? The excellent qualities and traits of this pious Imaam are borne out by numerous Ahaadith. His name, Muhammad Ibn Abdillah, has also been mentioned in numerous Ahaadith. In a narration reported in Masnad Al Haarith Ibn Abi Usaamah, and exact narration such as this one is reported by Hadhrat Jaabir (radhiyallahu
anhu), wherein he states the word, Al Mahdi, after the words ‘their Ameer’.
This narration becomes a Tafseer of the Hadith which appears in Muslim Shareef. Examine the narration which appears in Musnad Al Haarith Bin Usaamah:
“It is reported from Jaabir (radhiyallahu anhu), who says that Rasulullah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said,
A group from my Ummat will always be engaged in fighting upon the Haqq (and) they will be victorious until (just before the advent of) The Day of Qiyaamah… Isaa Ibn Maryam (alaihis salaam) will descend and their Ameer, Al Mahdi, will say to him, ‘Come and lead our Salaat’. He will reply, ‘No! some of you are leaders unto others. Allah Ta`ala has honoured this Ummat.’”
Regarding this Hadith, Allamah Ibn Qayyim (rahmatullahi alayh) states in Al Manaarul Muneef , “Isnaaduhu Jayyidun” (Its chain of narrators is excellent). It is very clear and evident that this narration forms an interpretation and dilation of the narration which appears in Muslim Shareef. Those Ahaadith wherein the name of Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) is not mentioned, and he is merely described as a pious/virtuous man, are clarified by other Ahadith which describes Imaam Mahdi with clarity.
There are other narrations which clearly state that the person who will ask Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam) to lead the Salaat will be Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam). Therefore, in the above-mentioned Hadith, the pious/virtuous man who will ask Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam) to lead the Salaat is Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam). In the Saheehain his name is not given but owing to the narration which appears in Sanad Al Harith, we come to know that the pious/virtuous Imaam who will ask Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam) to lead the Salaat will be Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam).
Allamah Siddiq Hasan Qanooji (rahmatullahi alayh) has compiled a large number of Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) in his Kitaab, Al-Izaa`a. At the end, he quotes the above-mentioned narration from Muslim Shareef and comments, “The word, ‘Mahdi’ is not mentioned in this Hadith, but in this Hadith and other such Ahaadith, there is no possibility of this person being any other, than the awaited Mahdi, as can be borne out by the above-mentioned Ahaadith and numerous narrations.”
The Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) in Kitaabs other than the Saheehain. There are too many Ahaadith which appear in other Ahaadith Kitaabs, besides the Saheehain, wherein mention is made of Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam).
Hereunder we will mention a few,
1. “It is reported from Abu Saeed Khudri (radhiyallahu anhu), who says that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, ‘I give you the glad tidings of Mahdi, who will be sent at the time when there will be great differences amongst the people, and earthquakes. The earth will then be filled with justice just as i was filled with oppression and rebellion. The inhabitants of the heavens and earth will be pleased with him. He will distribute wealth with ‘Sihaah’. A Sahaabi asked, ‘What is meant by ‘Sihaah’? Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) replied, ‘With Equality and justice. Allah Ta’ala will fill the hearts of the Ummat of Muhammad with peace and contentment, and their justice will permeate and become widespread….’” [Narrated by Ahmad]
Haafizul Hadith, Allamah Nooruddeen Abul Hasan Bin Ali Bin Abi Bakr Ibn Sulaimaan Al-Haythami (rahmatullahi alayh) has mentioned in Majmu`us Zawaahid, that Imaam Ahmad Ibn Hambal (rahmatullahi alayh) has narrated this Hadith through various chains. Imaam Abu Ya`la has reported it with brevity. The narrators of both are reliable.
2. “It has been reported by Abu Huraira (radhiyallahu anhu) that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) mentioned regarding Mahdi and he said, ‘He will reign for a period of seven years, eight years or nine years. He will fill the earth with justice and equality just as it was filled with oppression and rebellion.” [Bazaaz]
Allamah Haithami (rahmatullahi alayh) mentioned that the narrators in the Hadith narrated by Bazaaz are reliable. Nevertheless, some have stated some of the narrators to be unreliable.
3. “It has been reported by Abu Hurairah that he said, Rasulullah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, ‘There will be in my Ummat a Mahdi, who will reign for seven years, or eight years or nine years. My Ummat will receive such benefits which they had never before experienced. The skies will be opened up for them. The earth will not withhold anything of its vegetation. A person will stand up and say, ‘O Mahdi! Give me.’ He will say to the
man, ‘Take!’ (as much as you please).” [Tibrani]
Hadhrat Imaam Haithami (rahmatullahi alayh) stated that Imaam Tabri (rahmatullahi alayh) has narrated this Hadith in his Ausat and that all the narrators thereof are reliable.
4. Imaam Abu Dawood (rahmatullahi alayh) has compiled one chapter in his Sunan, which begins with The first Kitaab of Mahdi and ends with The last Kitaab of Mahdi. In this compilation, Imaam Abu Dawood narrates 13 Ahaadith.
5. Imaam Abu Dawood, (rahmatullahi alayh) reports from Hadhrat Aasim Ibn Abi Najood, who reports from Janaab Zarr (rahmatullahi alayh), who in turn reports from Hadhrat Abdullah Ibn Mas`ood (radhiyallahu anhu) that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, “If there remains even one day for the existence of this earth, Allah will extend that day until He sends therein a man from myself, or from my family. His name will conform to mine and his father’s name to my father’s. He will fill the earth with justice and equality just as it was filled with
oppression and rebellion.”
After narrating this Hadith, Imaam Abu Dawood and Imaam Munzari (rahmatullahi alayhima) remained silent (i.e. they did not comment anything on the reliability of the narrators). Similarly, Allamah Ibn Qayyim (rahmatullahi alayh) also remained silent regarding this Hadith in Tahzeeb. However, in his second Kitaab, Al Minaarul Muneef, he had indicated towards the authenticity of this narration. Allamah Ibn Taymia has mentioned regarding the authenticity of this Hadith in Minhaajus Sunnah. Allamah Baghawi (rahmatullahi alayh) has also narrated this Hadith without any criticisms against it. Allamah Baanwi (rahmatullahi alayh) has mentioned in Takhreej Ahaadithul Mishkaat, that this narration is reliable.
The general view regarding Aasim Ibn Abi Najood (rahmatullahi alayh) This Hadith stems from Hadhrat Aasim Ibn Abi Najood (rahmatullahi alayh). We will mention a few statements and views regarding this narrator as they appear in the Kitaab, Aunul Ma`bood Sharah Sunan Abi Dawood, Aasim is the son of Abul Najood. Abul Najood Bahdalah’s (rahmatullahi alayh) name is amongst the names of the Sab`ah Qurraa.
Imaam Ahmad Bin Hambal (rahmatullahi alayh) said, “He is a pious man and I prefer his Qiraat as well.”
Imaam Ahmad Bin Hambal and Imaam Abu Zur`ah (rahmatullahi alayhima) have categorized him as reliable.
Hadhrat Abu Haatim (rahmatullahi alayh) said, “His rank is amongst the rank of the truthful ones. He is a reliable narrator.”
Imaam Abu Ja`far Al Uqaili (rahmatullahi alayh) says, “There is nothing wrong with him except his not being a Haafiz (e-hadith).” Imaam Daar-e-Qutni (rahmatullahi alayh) said, “There is a flaw in his Hifz, (nevertheless) Imaam Bukhari and Muslim have narrated from him in their Saheehs.”
Allamah Zahbi (rahmatullahi alayh) said, “He is truthful”. Therefore, Imaam Zahbi has accepted narrations from him. In Summary, Hadhrat Aasim Ibn Bahdalah (rahmatullahi alayh) is regarded as reliable and authentic by Imaam Ahmad Ibn Hambal and Imaam Zur`a (rahmatullahi alayhima). Others regard his narrations as reliable and worthy of recognition. If any criticism can be levelled against him then the only one is that of a defective Hifz, and nothing else. Merely on account of this small flaw, his narrations cannot be left out or ignored. He is not the only narrator of this Hadith. It has been narrated through other chains as well. It is incorrect and unjustified to
censure and rebuke Aasim Ibn Bahdalah merely on account of conjecture and rumours.
6. Imaam Abu Dawood (rahmatullahi alayh) narrates in his Sunan from Hadhrat Sahal Bin Tamaam Ibn Badee` who reports from Imraan Al Qattaan, who reports from Qataadah, who reports from Abu Nasrah, who reports from Hadhrat Abu Saeed Khudri (radhiyallahu anhu) that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, “Al Mahdi is from me (my progeny), (he has a) broad and illuminated forehead and a high nose. He will fill
the earth with justice and equality just as it was filled with oppression and rebellion. He will rule for seven years.”
Allamah Ibn Qayyim (rahmatullahi alayh) states in Al Manaarul Muneef, “Imaam Abu Dawood has narrated this Hadith through an excellent chain.”
Allamah Baghawi and Sheikh Al Baani (rahmatullahi alayhima) have categorized this Hadith as reliable and authentic, in Masaabihus Sunnat and Takhreej Ahaadithul Mishkaat respectively.
7. Imaam Ibn Maajah (rahmatullahi alayh) reports in his Sunan from Muhammad Ibn Yahya and Ahmad Ibn Yusuf from Abdur Razaaq who reports from Hadhrat Sufyaan Thauri (rahmatullahi alayh) who reports from Khaaleed Al Khudaa`i (rahmatullahi alayh) who reports from Abi Qulaabah, who reports from Abus Samaa`ir Raji, who reports from Hadhrat Thaubaan (radhiyallahu anhu) that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, “Three persons will fight at your treasure (The Kaabah). They will be the sons of the Khulafaa. They will not even come near one another when black flags will be raised from the east. They will come to fight you, such a fight that has
never been witnessed before.” The narrator says that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said something further which he cannot remember. Then Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, “When you see it (this army), then you should take ba`it to him, even though you have to traverse ice to get to him, because he is the Khalifah Mahdi.”
Sheikh Abdul Baaqi Muhammad Fuaad (rahmatullahi alayh) states in his Ta`leeq Ala Sunan Ibn Majah that Allamah Basari (rahmatullahi alayh) stated in his Zawaa`id Ibn Majah that the chain of narrators of
this Hadith are reliable and the personalities are truthful. Imaam Haakim (rahmatullahi alayh) has narrated this Hadith in his Mustadrak and stated that the chain of narrators of this Hadith conforms to the standards laid down by the Sheikhain (Imaams Bukhari and Muslim).
Allamah Ibn Katheer (rahmatullahi alayh) has also mentioned this Hadith in his Kitaabul Fitan wal Malaahim and confirmed the authenticity and reliability of the chain of narrators.
8. Imaam Abu Dawood (rahmatullahi alayh) narrates in his Sunan that Ahmad Ibn Ebrahim reports from Abdullah Ibn Ja`far who reports from Abul Maleehul Hasan Bin Umar who reports from Ziyaad Bin Ali who reports from Saeed Ibn Musayyib, who reports from Hadhrat Umme Salmah (radhiyallahu anha) who reports that she heard Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) saying, “Al Mahdi is from my progeny, from the children of Faatimah
(radhiyallahu anha).”
Ibn Majah (rahmatullahi alayh) narrates from Saeed Ibn Musayyib (radhiyallahu anhu) who stated, “We
were with Umme Salmah who was telling us about Mahdi. She said, ‘I heard Rasulullah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) saying, ‘Al Mahdi will be from the children of Faatimah.’”
This Hadith was narrated by Allamah Suyuti (rahmatullahi alayh) in his Al Jaamius Sagheer and he indicated towards its reliability and authenticity. It has also been authenticated and vouched for by Allamah Baghawi in his Masaabehus Sunnah and by Al Baani in his Takhreej Ahaadithil Mishkaat.
9. Allamah Ibn Qayyim (rahmatullahi alayh) mentions in his Al Minaarul Muneef that Haarith Ibn Usamah (rahmatullahi alayh) stated in his Musnad, “Ismail Bin Abdil Kareem reports to us, Ibrahim Bin Aqeel reports to us, from his father, from Wahab Bin Munabbah, from Jaabir (radhiyallahu anhu) who said, ‘Rasulullah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, ‘Isa Bin Maryam will descend and their Ameer, Al Mahdi, will say, ‘Come and lead the Salaat for us,’ He (Hadhrat Isa – alaihis salaam) will reply, ‘No, Indeed some of you are leaders over others. Allah has honoured this Ummat.”
Allamah Ibn Qayyim (rahmatullahi alayh) has vouched for the reliability of this narration. He states, “I have inspected this Hadith and consulted with the experts in this field, and have concluded that the beginning to end of this narration is cohesive.” He also mentioned that there is no break/flaw in this narration. All the above narrators are known to the Muhadditheen and their characteristics and details are available for inspection.
The views of the senior Aimmah regarding the belief in Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) Hereunder we will present a few views of the Aimmah with regard to the Ahaadith narrated about Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam), wherefrom
we can clearly understand the necessity for believing in his coming.
Haafiz Abu Ja`far Aqeeli and the Ahaadith of Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam)
Haafiz-e-Hadith, Hadhrat Abu Ja`far Aqeeli (rahmatullahi alayh) [passed away 323 A.H.] has certified the Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) as being reliable and authentic. Haafiz Ibn Hajar (rahmatullahi alayh) states in Tahzeebut Tahzeeb, “There are many other reliable Ahaadith regarding Mahdi besides this one (cited by Abu Ja`far Aqeeli in his Kitaab)”
Haafiz Ibn Hibbaan Al Busti’s respected view
Haafiz Ibn Hibbaan Al Busti (rahmatullahi alayh) [passed away 304 A.H] says that the Hadith, “An era will not dawn over you except that the previous one was worse than it”, refers specifically to the era of Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) and it does not refer to any general era.
Haafiz Ibn Hajar (rahmatullahi alayh) states in Fathul Baari, which is the commentary of Bukhari, commenting on the narration of Hadhrat Anas (radhiyallahu anhu), “An era will not dawn….” — “The Hadith of Anas (radhiyallahu anhu) cannot be construed as a general one, owing to the Ahaadith narrated regarding Mahdi, that he will fill the
earth with justice and equality just as it was filled with oppression and injustice.”
Allamah Khattaabi and the Ahaadith of Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam)
Allamah Khattaabi (rahmatullahi alayh) states in commenting on the Hadith, “Rasulullah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, ‘Qiyaamah will not dawn upon you until time becomes restricted, and a year will become like a month and a month like a day”, that this Hadith refers either to the era of Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) or Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam), or it could refer to both their eras. Hadhrat Mullah Ali Qaari (rahmatullahi alayh) states in Mirqaat, which is the commentary of Mishkaat, that the era where both, Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) and Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam), will be in, will be the one which will pass very quickly as stated in the Hadith.
The author of Tuhfatul Ahwazi has also inclined towards this view.
Imaam Baihaqi (rahmatullahi alayh) and the Ahaadith of Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam)
Imaam Baihaqi (rahmatullahi alayh) [passed away in 458 A.H.] stated regarding the Hadith, “There is no Mahdi except Isaa Bin Maryam (alaihi salaam)”, that the Ahaadith regarding the coming of Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) are more authentic and reliable. Haafiz Ibn Hajar (rahmatullahi alayh) had quoted this statement of Imaam Baihaqi (rahmatullahi alayh) in Tahzeebut Tahzeeb. The narrators of the abovementioned Hadith are criticised.
Qaadhi Ayaaz (rahmatullahi alayh) and the belief on the advent of Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam)
The famous Hanafi Qaadhi, Hadhrat Ayaaz (rahmatullahi alayh) [passed away 544 A.H.] compiled a separate chapter in his Kitaab, As-Shifa, under the caption regarding Mu`jizaat, which is subdivided into three parts. At the end of this chapter, he stated regarding the prophecies of Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) and regarding his being informed about the unseen. This is listed under the caption, “He does not speak from his own desire”. Qaadhi Ayaaz (rahmatullahi alayh) also lists a number of Ahaadith regarding the coming of Imaam Mahdi
(alaihis salaam).
Imaam Qurtubi (rahmatullahi alayh) and the belief regarding Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam)
The famous Mufassir of the Qur`aan Majeed, Hadhrat Imaam Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Ibn Abi Bakr Al Qurtubi (rahmatullahi alayh) [passed away 671 A.H.] states regarding the narration, “There is no Mahdi except Isaa Bin Maryam (alaihi salaam)” that its chain of narrators are weak. He states further that Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) will be from the progeny of Hadhrat Faatimah (radhiyallahu anha) and that the Ahaadith regarding the coming of Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) in the last era are authentic and reliable. Therefore, the above-mentioned narration is not to be relied upon and cannot be used as a guide, since there are other authentic and Mutawaatir Ahaadith which abrogate it.
He also states an interpretation for this narration that the possible reason for Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) having mentioned that “There is no Mahdi except Isaa Bin Maryam (alaihi salaam)” was that there will be no complete and sinless Mahdi (Guide) except Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam). Imaam Qurtubi (rahmatullahi alayh) states that this interpretation to the narration offers a suitable reconciliation between the various narrations, which appear to be contradictory.
Allamah Suyuti (rahmatullahi alayh) has also quoted this statement and commentary of Allamah Qurtubi (rahmatullahi alayh).
Sheikhul Islam, Ibn Taymia and the belief of the coming of Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam)
Sheikhul Islam Ibn Taymia (rahmatullahi alayh) [passed away 768 A. H.] states in his Kitaab, Minhaajus Sunnah…on page 211, vol.1, “Chapter: However, that which he (here he is referring to some Shiah scholar) narrates via Ibn Umar (radhiyallahu anhu) about Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) that he said, ‘A man will emerge in the final era from my progeny. His name will be like mine and his title will be like mine. He will fill the earth with justice just as it was filled with oppression. He will be Al-Mahdi.” The answer to this is that the Ahaadith which refer to the coming of Imaam Mahdi are authentic and reliable. Imaam Abu Dawood, Imaam Tirmidhi and Imaam Ahmad Ibn
Hambal (rahmatullahi alayhim) have all narrated such Ahaadith. For example, the Hadith of Hadhrat Ibn Mas`ood (radhiyallahu anhu) wherein he reports from Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam), ‘If there does not remain of this earth except one day, then Allah will lengthen that day until a man emerges who will be from me, or from my household. His name will correspond to mine and his father’s name to my father’s. He will fill the earth with justice and equality just as it was filled with oppression and rebellion.” [Tirmidhi]
It is reported from Umme Salmah (radhiyallahu anha) that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, ‘Al-Mahdi is from my progeny, from the offspring of Faatimah.” [Abu Dawood].
There is also the narration of Hadhrat Ali (radhiyallahu anhu) who looked towards his son, Hasan and said, ‘Indeed this son of mine, as Rasulullah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) mentioned, soon a man will be borne of him, whose name will be the name as that of your Nabi. His character and habits will be like his (i.e. Nabi – sallallahu alayhi wasallam), but not his features. He will fill the earth with justice.”
Allamah Haafiz Ibn Qayyim (rahmatullahi alayh) and the belief regarding Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam)
Hadhrat Allamah Haafiz Ibn Qayyim (rahmatullahi alayh) states regarding the Hadith, “There is no Mahdi except Isaa Bin Maryam (alaihi salaam)” that the narrators thereof are unreliable and he also states that there are numerous Ahaadith regarding the coming of Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) that he will be from the progeny of
Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) and that he will fill the earth with justice and reign for about seven years. Also that he will be reigning at the time of the descension of Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam). He will also be of some assistance in the slaying of Dajjaal. He will also lead the Salaat for the Ummat, such that even Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam) will follow him in Salaat.
Does The Mahdi refer to Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam)?
Allamah Ibn Qayyim (rahmatullahi alayh) states that the Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) are of four types, authentic, reliable, weak and concocted. Similarly, there are four views regarding the coming of Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) in the final era. One of the views is that The Mahdi refers to Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam). The proponents of this view have used the above-mentioned Hadith as a proof. As a matter of fact, even they have acceded to the fact that this narration is not 100% reliable. Even if we assume that this narration is
reliable, still too, it cannot be used to refute the coming of Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam). The reason being that between Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) and the advent of Qiyaamah, Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam) will be the greatest Mahdi (Guide), as is borne out by the various Ahaadith. He will descend on the east Minaarat of the Musjid in Damascus and he will rule in accordance to the Qur`aan Majeed. He will fight the Jews and Christians and take Jizya from them. During his reign all the religions will dissipate. It will be true to say that he will be
the Mahdi (guide), and besides him there will be no other. Although there will be another man who will be Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam). Therefore, when Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam) is referred to as The Mahdi it implies that he will be the perfect, complete and sinless Guide.
Has Mahdi already passed in the previous generations?
Another view is that the Mahdi which is mentioned in the Ahaadith refers to a ruler from amongst the Bani Abbaas, who lived in some past era. In substantiation of this view, the proponents have quoted the two
Ahaadith which mention regarding the carriers of the black flags, who will come from Khurasaan or the east.
Allamah Ibn Qayyim (rahmatullahi alayh) has categorized both these Ahaadith as weak. He has also cited the substantiating views of other Muhaditheen. He says that even if these narrations are accepted as true and reliable, then too, it cannot be held as proof that the Mahdi has already passed in the previous era and that he was from the Bani Abbaas. He states that these Ahaadith refer to a specific person who will emerge during the final era. The term “Mahdi” is also a general term which can be used more loosely to apply to many other personalities as well. For example, Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, “My Sunnat
is binding upon you and the Sunnat of the Khulafaa Raashideen Mahdiyeen, those who come after me…” This Hadith refers to the Khulafaa-e-Rashideen as also being Mahdis. Imaam Ahmad Ibn Hambal (rahmatullahi alayh) also stated that Hadhrat Umar Bin Abdil Azeez (rahmatullahi alayh) was also a Mahdi from amongst the
Mahdis.
Allamah Ibn Qayyim (rahmatullahi alayh) states that there is no doubt that Hadhrat Umar Bin Abdil Azeez (rahmatullahi alayh) was also a Mahdi, but he is not the Mahdi of the final era, who is referred to in the
Ahaadith. Just as there are many small dajjaals and liars besides the big Dajjaal, who is to come before Qiyaamah, there are many Mahdis besides the actual Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam). Mahdi will be in the final era and from the Ahle Bait The third view is that Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) will be in the final era and he will be from the progeny of Hadhrat Hasan Ibn Ali (radhiyallahu anhuma). Allamah Ibn Qayyim (rahmatullahi alayh)
states that this view is the best and most preferred view, which is substantiated by the many Ahaadith narrated in this regard. Most of the Ahaadith indicate to the fact that he will be from the family of Hadhrat
Hasan Bin Ali (radhiyallahu anhuma). This is the authentic view of the Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama’ah.
Hidden Imaam
Allamah Ibn Qayyim (rahmatullahi alayh) states the fourth view as being that held by the Shiahs that the Mahdi is their hidden final Imaam who will emerge in the final era. After citing the various views regarding the Mahdi of the final era, he states, “Nevertheless, one of the views of the sect of Imaamiah is that the Mahdi of the final era is not Muhammad Ibn Abdillah, but Muhammad Ibn Hoosein Al-Askari, the awaited Mahdi, who is from the progeny of Hadhrat Hoosein Ibn Ali radhiyallahu anhu), and not from the progeny of Hadhrat Hasan Bin Ali (radhiyallahu anhu). He is omnipresent but hidden from our sight. He disappeared in his youth, with the staff of Hadhrat Moosa (alaihis salaam). This occurred in the 5th century after Hijri. Upto this day, he
is still hidden.”
Allamah Ibn Qayyim (rahmatullahi alayh) wrote this around the year 751 A.H. Today, many, many centuries later, the situation and belief of the Rawaafidh and Shiahs is very much the same. It is quite clear and evident that they are astray and base their reliance on concocted and deviant narrations.
The Jews are also awaiting their Messiah
Allamah Ibn Qayyim (rahmatullahi alayh) states that shaitaan has formulated a trick on the Jews and created this belief amongst them that a person from amongst the children of Hadhrat Dawood (alaihis salaam) will emerge and he will spread the name and fame of the Jews throughout the world. They are now awaiting this Messiah of theirs. In fact, they await not a Messiah of guidance, rather one of deviation. They await Dajjaal. The Jews will be the greatest aids and promoters of The Dajjaal. It will be due to this evil of theirs, that Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam) will slaughter the Jews, so much that there will not remain even one on the face of the earth. The Ummat of Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) has this belief that the Maseeh of the final era, Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam) will descend and he will come to kill Dajjaal, break the cross, eliminate pigs and kill his enemies, the Jews.
In this regard, Allamah Ibn Qayyim (rahmatullahi alayh) states that the Muslims have an affinity to the family of Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and they await the advent of Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) who will spread justice and peace on earth which will replace oppression and rebellion.
Allamah Abul Hasan As-Samhudi (rahmatullahi alayh) and the belief regarding the emergence of Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam)
Hadhrat Allamah Abul Hasan As-Samhudi (rahmatullahi alayh) [passed away 911 A.H.] states, “From the established narrations of The Prophet of the last era, Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam), we deduce that he (Imaam Mahdi – alaihis salaam) is from the progeny of Hadhrat Faatimatuz Zahra (radhiyallahu anha). According to the narration in Abu Dawood, he will be from the children of Hadhrat Hasan (radhiyallahu anhu)…”
The view of Haafiz Ibn Hajar (rahmatullahi alayh)
Allamah Ibn Hajar Al Makki (rahmatullahi alayh) [passed away 974 A.H.] states in his Kitaab, Al Qowlul Mukhtasar Fi Alaamaatil Mahdiyil Muntazar, “Belief in the awaited Mahdi, the emergence of Dajjaal, the descension of Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam) and his performing Salaat behind Mahdi are all established from reliable and authentic Ahaadith. One should remember this also, that in whichever Hadith mention is made of a leader in the final era in close proximity to Qiyaamah, it refers to Mahdi.”
Haafiz Ibn Katheer and belief in Mahdi
Haafiz Ibn Katheer (rahmatullahi alayh) states in Al-Fitan Wal Malaahim, under the chapter Thikrul Mahdi Allazi Yakunu Fi Aakhiriz Zamaan (Mention of that Mahdi who will emerge in the final era), that the Mahdi of the final era will be from amongst the Khulafaa-eRaashideen and Aimmah-e-Mahdiyeen. He states that the Mahdi of the
final era is not that Mahdi which the Rawaafidh/Shias are awaiting. Their belief is based, not on any reliable information, but rather on concocted and spurious narrations. It will not be the Muhammad Ibn Hasan Al-Askari who according to them was born in 255 A.H. and who at the age of five miraculously disappeared, until the present day. We are speaking here of that Mahdi who is described in the Ahaadith of Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam). He will be born in the final era, in close proximity to Qiyaamah. Ibn Katheer (rahmatullahi alayh)
states that his view is that this Mahdi will appear just before the descension of Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam).
Also the narration of Hadhrat Ali (radhiyallahu anhu) which states that it is he (Imaam Mahdi – alaihis salaam) who will be born from the progeny of his son, Hadhrat Hasan (radhiyallahu anhu) and whose name will be like that of our Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) and his father’s name will be like that of Nabi’s (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) father’s name.
Ibn Katheer (rahmatullahi alayh) also indicates towards the fact that it does not refer to anyone from the Bani Abbaas, from the previous eras. He has also stated that the Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) will be born after the reign of the Bani Abbaas and that he will be from the progeny of Hadhrat Faatimah (radhiyallahu anha). He has also indicated clearly that Imaam Mahdi (alaihis salaam) will be from the offspring of Hadhrat Hasan (radhiyallahu anhu) and not Hadhrat Hussein (radhiyallahu anhu), as is clearly borne out by the narration of Hadhrat
Ali (radhiyallahu anhu). Ibn Katheer (rahmatullahi alayh) narrates a Hadith from Ibn Majah, that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, “Three persons will fight at your treasure (The Kaabah). They will be the sons of the Khulafaa. They will not even come near one another when black flags will be raised from the east. They will come to fight you, such a fight that has never been witnessed before.” The narrator says that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said something further which he cannot remember. Then Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, “When you see it (this army), then you should take ba`it to him, even though you have to traverse ice to get to him, because he is the Khalifah Mahdi.” Ibn Majah is alone in reporting this Hadith but the chain of narrators
are reliable and authentic.
BELIEF REGARDING THE DEMISE AND BURIAL OF HADHRAT ISA (alaihis salaam)
The object and aim of the return of Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam) is described in the Qur`aan Majeed and the Ahaadith of Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam). Upon successful completion of his purpose and task— the entire world will testify to this— he will leave this worlds abode. He will be buried close to the grave of our Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) in Madinah Munawwarah. Hadhrat Abdullah Ibn Umar (radhiyallahu anhu) says that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said that his brother, Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam), will descend to earth and marry. He will also have children and remain on earth for 45 years “Then he will die and be buried with me, in my grave (i.e. very close to Rasulullah’s grave) On the Day of Qiyaamah, Isa and I will rise from one grave between Abu Bakr and Umar.” Narrated by Ibn Jauzi in Kitaabul Wafaa. [Mishkaat, page 480]
Hadhrat Imaam Abu Bakr Aajari [passed away 360 A.H.], writes in a treatise,”Then Isa (alaihis salaam) will pass away. The Muslims will perform (Janaazah) Salaat for him, and bury him with Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam), Abu Bakr and Umar (radhiyallahu anhuma).” [As-Sharee`, page 381] Hadhrat Allamah Muhibbud Deen Muhammad Bin Mahmood, known as Ibn Najjaar, [passed away 643 A.H.], writes, quoting from the historians, “There is a space on the eastern side of his (Nabi – sallallahu alayhi wasallam) house, (regarding which) Saeed Bin Musayyib says that Isa Bin Maryam will be buried.” [Wafaa-ul-Wafaa, page 558, vol.2]
Hadhrat Moulana Mullah Ali Qaari (rahmatullahi alayh) [passed away 1014 A.H.] writes, “Indeed Isa will be buried on the side of our Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam), between him and Sheikhain (Hadhrat Abu Bakr and Umar).” [Jam`ul Wasaa`il, page 563] He states in Sharah Fiqhul Akbar, page 136, “Indeed he (Isa – alaihis salaam) will be buried between Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) and Siddiq (Hadhrat Abu Bakr – radhiyallahu anhu). It is reported that he will be buried after Sheikhain. Hence blessed are Sheikhain that they are buried between two prophets.”
From this it is established that Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam) will be buried in Madinah Munawwarah next to Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) and that he will rise up with Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) on the Day of Qiyaamah.
After the demise of Hadhrat Isa (alaihis salaam) evil will spread slowly onto earth and gain momentum until the advent of Qiyaamah, when it will be at its peak.
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